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Docker Containerization/zh CN

English · 中文（中国）

Docker 容器化

Docker

Docker 容器镜像是个轻量级、独立且可执行的软件包，应用程序运行所需的一切均包含其中：代码、运行时环境、系统工具、系统库和配置参数。在运行时，容器镜像会转换为容器。容器将软件与环境隔离开来，确保在不同环境下（例如开发环境和预生产环境）运行的一致性。

Docker 容器可在 Windows、Linux、macOS 和 Amazon Web Services、Microsoft Azure 之类的云服务中运行。

以 Unix 守护进程或 Windows 服务这些传统形式运行的应用，如 Web 服务和数据库，正越来越多以容器化的形式运行。

Alpine Linux

Alpine Linux 是一种注重安全、轻量级的 Linux。基于 Alpine Linux 的最小 Docker 容器镜像只有 5MB 大小。

fcl-web 示例 - HelloHeaders

以下例程能响应 web 请求，回送请求信息。

pascal
program HelloHeadersPure;
     
    {$mode objfpc}{$H+}
     
    uses
      cthreads, httpdefs, httproute, webutil,
      fphttpapp;
     
    procedure doEchoRequest(aReq: TRequest; aResp: TResponse);
    begin
      DumpRequest(aReq, aResp.contents, true);
    end;
     
    begin
      HTTPRouter.registerRoute('*', @doEchoRequest);
      Application.Port:=8080;
      Application.Threaded:=True;
      Application.Initialize;
      Application.Run;
    end.

Docker 化 HelloHeaders

下面在 Ubuntu 下编译此例程。可执行文件命名为 helloheaders。用以下 Dockerfile 为 helloheaders 创建 Docker 镜像。

Dockerfile

pascal
# Start with the Alpine 3.12 Docker image.
     FROM alpine:3.12
    
     # Install libc6-compat, required for executables generated by FPC.
     RUN apk --no-cache --update add libc6-compat
    
     # Set working directory in the container image.
     WORKDIR /app
    
     # Copy the executable from host into container image.
     COPY helloheaders /app/helloheaders
    
     # Add uid/gid to run the binary. Don't want to run as root.
     RUN addgroup -g 1099 apprunner \
       && adduser -D -u 1099 -G apprunner -h /home/apprunner apprunner
    
     # Set uid/gid for the running program.
     USER apprunner:apprunner
    
     # Make the TCP port 8080 available to outside the container.
     EXPOSE 8080
    
     # Run the program.
     CMD ["/app/helloheaders"]

Build Docker Image

pascal
% sudo docker build -t helloheaders:fpc .
    Sending build context to Docker daemon  1.331MB
    Step 1/8??: FROM alpine:3.12
     ---> a24bb4013296
    Step 2/8??: RUN apk --no-cache --update add libc6-compat
     ---> Using cache
     ---> 8bd9ae66e9fe
    Step 3/8??: WORKDIR /app
     ---> Using cache
     ---> 1c69cb1c14e3
    Step 4/8??: COPY helloheaders /app/helloheaders
     ---> de5ffddf76bb
    Step 5/8??: RUN addgroup -g 1099 apprunner   && adduser -D -u 1099 -G apprunner -h /home/apprunner apprunner
     ---> Running in 54199f0a8f4f
    Removing intermediate container 54199f0a8f4f
     ---> c7d18145bc02
    Step 6/8??: USER apprunner:apprunner
     ---> Running in 0a544c5fc8f6
    Removing intermediate container 0a544c5fc8f6
     ---> a3868d1f2033
    Step 7/8??: EXPOSE 8080
     ---> Running in 829a1b804c0d
    Removing intermediate container 829a1b804c0d
     ---> 7389810c7acf
    Step 8/8??: CMD ["/app/helloheaders"]
     ---> Running in 882e002e08b0
    Removing intermediate container 882e002e08b0
     ---> 399269970984
    Successfully built 399269970984
    Successfully tagged helloheaders:fpc

查看 Docker 镜像的大小

pascal
% sudo docker images
    REPOSITORY                TAG               IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    helloheaders              fpc               399269970984        2 minutes ago       7.51MB

运行容器

pascal
%  sudo docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 helloheaders:fpc

然后即可用浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080/。

参见

From the Free Pascal wiki, page "Docker Containerization/zh CN", as the Internet Archive kept it on 2025-04-21, last changed on 2024-12-25. Copyright stays with the author who wrote it, according to the old wiki's Licensing page. If you have concerns about this material, message the admin.

版本3，最后由WikiArchive于修改。